Dr. Cooney is a practicing vitreoretinal surgeon who was previously an assistant professor of ophthalmology at Johns Hopkins University and later became the director of the Medical Retina Service, the Duke Center for Macular Degeneration, and the medical retina fellowship program from 2001 to 2005. He received a MBA degree from Kenan-Flagler Business School at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. About Dr. Cooney serves as a consultant and advisory board member for several pharmaceutical companies. In 1998, Dr. Cooney helped to establish InnoRx, an ophthalmic drug delivery and pharmaceutical company acquired by SurModics and served as a consultant from 2000 to 2002. Clinical Practice Dr. Cooney's clinical practice focuses on the medical and surgical treatment of vitreoretinal diseases, particularly age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. He is actively involved in the clinical development of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for vitreoretinal disease and the training of residents and fellows. Education Undergraduate: Siena College Medical School: Columbia University Ophthalmology Residency: Johns Hopkins University Vitreoretinal Surgical Fellowship: Johns Hopkins University MBA: University of North Carolina Academic Appointments Clinical Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Innovations Helped establish InnoRx, an ophthalmic drug delivery and pharmaceutical company acquired by SurModics Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York 110 Lafayette St, Suite 502 New York, NY 10013 Office tel: (212) 234-3367/(212) 861-9797 Fax: (212) 628-0698 Web address: https://www.vrmny.com/ Office location: https://www.vrmny.com/locations/downtown-manhattan/ Our location on map: https://goo.gl/maps/QT1BMFr3djLXn6427 https://plus.codes/87G7PX9X+7J New York Nearby Locations: Lower Manhattan | Little Italy | Chinatown | Civic Center | Tribeca | SoHo 10013 | 10012 | 10007 | 10002 Working hours: Monday-Friday: 8am - 5pm Payment: cash, check, credit cards.

The Downtown ophthalmologists and retina specialists at Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York are internationally known leaders in diagnosing and treating retinal diseases. The VRMNY retina doctors in the Lower Manhattan are world-recognized retina experts in difficult-to-diagnose and rare conditions. They offer the latest treatments for retinal diseases, focusing on treating macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal tears and detachments. This exceptional and unique expertise, joined with their attentive, empathetic concern and careful approach means that even expert Manhattan ophthalmologists turn to Downtown Manhattan retina doctors first when they or their families need care. VRMNY retina doctors have trained and taught at some of the world's finest and most respected academic institutions. The physicians who comprise the best retina specialists in New York are experts in vitrectomy surgery and hold academic appointments at Lenox Hill Hospital, New York University, and the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary. Our ophthalmologists in Downtown specialize in treating all medical and surgical retinal conditions, emphasizing macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, the two leading causes of retinal vision loss. With state-of-the-art New York ophthalmology center in Downtown, Manhattan, VRMNY is the largest retina vitreous center in the New York Metropolitan area. Our Downtown, New York ophthalmologists and eye doctors publish more in the foremost peer-reviewed journals than any other private or academic group in the United States. The practice devotes its time and resources to research and developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Many current concepts in retinal disease and treatment recognized worldwide were invented at VRMNY. The attention, empathetic concern, and careful approach of the eye care specialists and their support team of retina surgeons explain the success of VRMNY. The over 60 member staff provides a full range of educational, medical, and surgical services. With an emphasis on patient education, the staff delivers compassionate and empowering care. For more information about the Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, our doctors, or to schedule a consultation with Dr. Richard F. Spaide, please contact our ophthalmology practice by number: (212) 234-3367. Google maps: https://goo.gl/maps/V69qfU2eHGCS8p337 https://plus.codes/87G7PX9X+7J New York Nearby Service Locations: Tribeca, New York, NY, USA Gramercy Park, New York, NY, USA Ukrainian Village, New York, NY, USA Alphabet City, New York, NY 10009, USA Lower East Side, New York, NY, USA Chinatown, New York, NY, USA Peter Cooper Village, New York, NY, USA West Village, New York, NY, USA Bowery, New York, NY, USA Greenwich Village, New York, NY, USA East Village, New York, NY, USA NoHo, New York, NY, USA Civic Center, New York, NY, USA Lower Manhattan, New York, NY, USA Union Square, New York, NY 10003, USA SoHo, New York, NY, USA Seaport, New York, NY 10038, USA Nearby Service Zip Codes: 10012, 10002, 10013, 10278, 10007, 10282, 10279, 10271, 10038, 10005 Working Hours: Monday-Friday: 8am - 5pm Payment: cash, check, credit cards. Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York 110 Lafayette St, Suite 502 New York, NY 10013 (212) 234-3367 (212) 861-9797 Fax: (212) 628-0698 https://www.vrmny.com/ https://www.vrmny.com/locations/downtown-manhattan

People with diabetes are unfortunately at a higher risk for numerous ocular complications, which can lead to severe vision loss and sometimes even blindness. One of those eye diseases is diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of blindness among Americans. Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease that damages the blood vessels in the retina. While what exactly causes this damage is not known, poorly controlled blood sugar levels are believed to be a contributing factor. Although diabetic retinopathy can affect persons with Type I or Type II diabetes, persons with Type I diabetes are at a greater risk of developing the disease. Over time, the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy increases. Read more: https://www.vrmny.com/conditions/diabetic-retinopathy/ Google maps: https://goo.gl/maps/V69qfU2eHGCS8p337 https://plus.codes/87G7PX9X+7J New York Nearby Service Locations: Tribeca, New York, NY, USA Gramercy Park, New York, NY, USA Ukrainian Village, New York, NY, USA Alphabet City, New York, NY 10009, USA Lower East Side, New York, NY, USA Chinatown, New York, NY, USA Peter Cooper Village, New York, NY, USA West Village, New York, NY, USA Bowery, New York, NY, USA Greenwich Village, New York, NY, USA East Village, New York, NY, USA NoHo, New York, NY, USA Civic Center, New York, NY, USA Lower Manhattan, New York, NY, USA Union Square, New York, NY 10003, USA SoHo, New York, NY, USA Seaport, New York, NY 10038, USA Nearby Service Zip Codes: 10012, 10002, 10013, 10278, 10007, 10282, 10279, 10271, 10038, 10005 Working Hours: Monday-Friday: 8am - 5pm Payment: cash, check, credit cards. Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York 110 Lafayette St, Suite 502 New York, NY 10013 (212) 234-3367 (212) 861-9797 Fax: (212) 628-0698 https://www.vrmny.com/ https://www.vrmny.com/locations/downtown-manhattan

The ophthalmologists and retina specialists at Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York are internationally known leaders in diagnosing and treating retinal diseases. VRMNY retina doctors have trained and taught at some of the world's finest and most respected academic institutions. The physicians who comprise the best retina specialists in New York are experts in vitrectomy surgery and hold academic appointments at Lenox Hill Hospital, New York University, and the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary. Our ophthalmologists in New York City specialize in treating all medical and surgical retinal conditions, emphasizing macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, the two leading causes of retinal vision loss. With state-of-the-art New York ophthalmology centers in Manhattan, VRMNY is the largest retina vitreous center in the New York Metropolitan area. Our New York ophthalmologists and eye doctors publish more in the foremost peer-reviewed journals than any other private or academic group in the United States. The practice devotes its time and resources to research and developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Many current concepts in retinal disease and treatment recognized worldwide were invented at VRMNY. The attention, empathetic concern, and careful approach of the eye care specialists and their support team of retina surgeons explain the success of VRMNY. The over 60 member staff provides a full range of educational, medical, and surgical services. With an emphasis on patient education, the staff delivers compassionate and empowering care. For more information about the Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, our doctors, or to schedule a consultation with Dr. Lawrence A. Yannuzzi, MD, please contact our ophthalmology practice by number: (212) 861-9797. Working Hours: Monday-Friday: 8am–5pm Payment: cash, check, credit cards. Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York 950 3rd Ave 3rd floor, New York, NY 10022 Tel: (212) 861-9797 Fax: (212) 628-0698 https://www.vrmny.com/ https://www.vrmny.com/locations/manhattan/ Google maps: https://goo.gl/maps/v9rE1BWBd6tsFgPaA https://plus.codes/87G8Q26J+3R New York Nearby Locations: Lenox Hill | Upper East Side | Midtown East | Upper West Side 10021 | 10022 | 10023

The macula is the very small area in the back of the retina that is responsible for providing sharpness and clarity in our vision. This detailed vision is necessary for daily tasks such as reading, driving, and watching television. A jelly-like substance called the vitreous fills the central portion of the eye. It is composed of 99% water, some chemicals to create the gel, and long protein fibers. As we age the vitreous begins to shrink. The jelly starts to break down and the protein fibers start to aggregate. In most people the vitreous eventually separates from the retina in a process called posterior vitreous detachment. In some people the vitreous may remain adherent to the central portion of the macula and pulling by the vitreous can cause bad things to happen to the macula. Chronic pulling, or traction, on the macula can cause the macula to become distorted or stretched. In some people the force of the traction exceeds the mechanical strength of the macula and a hole can form. Macular holes are typically very small – smaller in diameter than a pin. However the macula is very important for sharp vision and even a very small hole can cause important visual problems. The vision is generally decreased and distorted. The curious aspect of macular holes is that they don't heal themselves. If someone had their ears pierced, but didn't wear an earring the hole would close. Only the smallest macular holes can close without surgery and even then the chance is low. The retina is really a type of brain tissue, and brain tissue doesn't heal well. The steps naturally taken by the body to heal a macular hole can make it get larger over time. Read more: https://www.vrmny.com/conditions/macular-hole/ Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York 950 3rd Ave 3rd floor, New York, NY 10022 Tel.: (212) 861-9797 Fax.: (212) 628–0698 Web Address: https://www.vrmny.com/ https://www.vrmny.com/locations/manhattan/ Our location on the map: https://goo.gl/maps/v9rE1BWBd6tsFgPaA https://plus.codes/87G8Q26J+3R New York Nearby Locations: Manhattan, NY Lenox Hill | Upper East Side | Midtown East | Upper West Side 10021 | 10022 | 10023 Working Hours: Monday-Friday: 8am–5pm Payment: cash, check, credit cards.

Ophthalmology and optometry both deal with medical issues related to your eyes. An ophthalmologist specializes in the physiology of your eyes, whereas an optometrist focuses on eye function. Pediatric ophthalmology helps children with eye troubles. Most people start with an optometrist vs. an ophthalmologist, but ophthalmologists are called in to handle more complex eye diseases. Visit a pediatric ophthalmologist if your children have eye problems. Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine focused on the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eyeball and its orbit. Unlike primary care doctors, an ophthalmologist specializes in eye diseases. With so many eye disorders, eye doctors must have an extensive background in treating all eye-related issues. Ophthalmologists are the only medical professionals trained to treat the following eye disorders: Glaucoma; Cataracts; Macular degeneration; Corneal transplants; Eyelid diseases; Cancer anywhere in the eye, from the vitreous inside the eye to the retina. Read more: https://www.centurymedicaldental.com/specialties/ophthalmologist/ Working Hours: Monday 9AM - 7PM Tuesday 9AM - 9PM Wednesday 9AM - 9PM Thursday 9AM - 9PM Friday 9AM - 5PM Saturday 10AM - 5PM Sunday Closed Payment: cash, check, credit cards. Century Medical & Dental Center 770 Flatbush Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11226 (347) 627-3988 https://www.centurymedicaldental.com/ https://www.centurymedicaldental.com/flatbush-brooklyn-ny-11226/ e-mail: gabrielan@centurymedicaldental.com Location on the map: https://goo.gl/maps/DVp4q8UN3Eh5es9N9 https://plus.codes/87G8M23R+J2 Brooklyn Nearby Locations: Flatbush Prospect Lefferts Gardens | East Flatbush | Flatbush | Windsor Terrace | Kensington 11225 | 11203 | 11203, 11210, 11225, 11226 | 11215 | 11218